大調音階
全全半全全全半
| C | D | E | F | G | A | B | C |
| D | E | F# | G | A | B | C# | D |
| E | F# | G# | A | B | C# | D# | E |
| F | G | A | Bb | C | D | E | F |
| G | A | B | C | D | E | F# | G |
| A | B | C# | D | E | F# | G# | A |
| B | C# | D# | E | F# | G# | A# | B |
小調 全半全全半全全
| C | D | Eb | F | G | Ab | Bb | C |
| D | E | F | G | A | Bb | C | D |
| E | F# | G | A | B | C | D | E |
| F | G | Ab | Bb | C | Db | Eb | F |
| G | A | Bb | C | D | Eb | F | G |
| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | A |
| B | C# | D | E | F# | G | A | B |
小調為大調的3,6,7降半音
| C和絃 | C E G |
| D和絃 | D F# A |
| E和絃 | E G# B |
| F和絃 | F A C |
| G和絃 | G B D |
| A和絃 | A C# E |
| B和絃 | B D# F# |
| Cm和絃 | C Eb G |
| Dm和絃 | D F A |
| Em和絃 | E G B |
| Fm和絃 | F Ab C |
| Gm和絃 | G Bb D |
| Am和絃 | A C E |
| Bm和絃 | B D F# |
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